Chapter 1: Understanding and put it (aid): Indicate the place and from the various Länder text reference Aufwind, 5th, (Cambridge University Press), p. 9-15.
Every beginning chapter you can see that it gives you a title (here, Was gibt's Neues ?-What did he again?)
- You are told in this first chapter you will learn to indicate the location and source , but there is no abstract about it in the end of the chapter. Here is one.
Here first the expressions in chapter indicate where you are (rental) (think of to keep this word to "locate"):
- in der Klasse within ( Klasse: all people, considered as a place, see above article Klasse or Klassenzimmer ? / Be in the class).
- im Internet suchen / search the Internet
- in Katalogen suchen / search through catalogs
- im Sekretariat sein / be at secrétatiat
- auf der Toilette breast / toilets to be
- an einem Tisch sitzen / sit at a table
- (19) in Kaliningrad wohnen / Living in Kaliningrad
- in Russland geboren sein / Being born in Belarus
- nicht in Deutschland geboren in: / not born in Germany
- in Frankreich geboren sein / to be born France
If you look what prepositions are used here in these expressions that indicate where you are, you find three: in, year auf. They are part of the new spatial prepositions governing the dative sometimes, sometimes the accusative. For a rental, as here, we use the dative .
With some supplements are employed instead auf rather than in. It use (how we usually talk about) which tells me if I need to use auf or in. For example I would say: auf der Universität studieren. Why study * " on" University rather than at university, mystery! That is what we call the use!
Why do you say " einem Tisch sitzen year ? Because it is against the table and year ... within means be placed against something. It is also used in other expressions as "an die Tür klopfen (knock at the door) or" an die Tafel schreiben (chalkboard), but here with the accusative.
Now consider the preposition most used in the expressions we found: in . We see that it is sometimes followed by a critical, sometimes not. She sometimes form im . For im is simple, im mean in dem , the - m of the dative here is directly carried by the preposition. This contraction of the preposition and definite article dem , is not mandatory.
im Internet suchen = Suchen in dem Internet
im Sekretariat breast in dem Sekretariat within
In in der Klasse suchen, der is determinative of the dative feminine die.
Then come four expressions with names of cities and countries in which we find : in Kaliningrad, in WeiBrussland, in Deutschland, Frankreich in . The rules shall with names cities or countries (for countries, there will be some exceptions)
a) it employs by article.
b) that the in which is in addition to or instead it is (rental) opposes nach the place where one goes (directional ) : wohnen in Kaliningrad (Kaliningrad be ) opposes fahren nach Kaliningrad (Kaliningrad go ) in Frankreich in (being in France) opposed nach Frankreich zurückfahren.
in Katalogen suchen: here there is not a determinant because it is plural ein , the plural of ein is called in French the partitive of , and that we "translated" into German by the absence of the article.
similar expressions, but likening someone to a place :
- bei dem Schulleiter sein / be at the head of the school (or so that it sounded more French, be at the office.
Here the Schulleiter (principal) replaces all the place where he works. In French, in fact, the office is mentioned!
is formed with the many expressions bei + dative (to express the locative) which opposes zu + dative (to express the directive).
- bei dem Bäcker breast / zu gehen dem Bäcker.
be the baker / baker go
- bei dem Arzt breast / dem Arzt zu gehen
- be the doctor, go to the doctor.
indication from :
Wilfried kommt aus WeiBrussland. / Wilfried just
Belarus
kommt aus Hamburg Anne. / Anne comes from Hamburg
kommt aus Marseille. William / Guillaume Marseille just
In these three examples, we see that
the source is expressed with an additional basis for the preposition aus . With the preposition aus we can introduce the city or the country where you came from.
How are indicated in the complex noun phrase from someone:
Der Junge aus WeiBrussland. / The boy Belarus
Here the verb between der Junge and complement that begins aus is implied. It is believed der Junge, der kommt aus WeiBrussland the boy, who just Bilélorussie.
In chapter one also finds expressions indicating the place where you will:
- nach Frankreich fahren / go to France
- nicht ins Ausland fahren / do not go abroad
- gehen in die Bibliothek. / Go to the library
- gehen ins Reisebüro / go to a travel agency
I have already spoken of the nach that in groups prépositionels with names of cities or countries, indicates the direction, while in the is the lodging. One can oppose the in and contrast the example nach Frankreich fahren to in Frankreich wohnen .
nach Frankreich fahren (one in France) opposed in Frankreich wohnen (to live in France).
We have already seen that im is a contraction in dem , ins will he, a contraction in das .
expressions that begin here by ins also opposed to those starting with im .
ins Ausland fahren / im Ausland breast go overseas / abroad
be
gehen ins Reisebüro / im Reisburo breast go to a travel agency, be in an agency travel.
Expressions like equating a person or group of people to a place :
- sich zu setzen jemandem sich zu ihm setzen = / = sit next to someone sitting near him
- zu gehen jemandem ihm zu gehen = go at someone a = go home
We have already spoken of the opposition
bei (rental) / zu (directional ) . Here's another sample.
expressions are opposite:
- jemandem sitzen bei: sitting next to someone.
- bei jemandem breast be in someone
similar expressions, but assimilating an event to a place :
- auf eine Party einladen / invite to a surprise party (a boom)
opposes auf einer Party breast to be a surpise party (a boom).
Here is the event which serves as a place in "gehen zum Sport" or "gehen zum Tanz." However
in these expressions which event replaces the place rules of conflict between the locative (where it is) and prescriptive (place where people go) are also valid . After auf we used the accusative in the first case an invitation to come to a party. While the other was added a-r to the dative (in auf einer Party in .).
Well, I hope these few indications supplémentraires will enlighten you.
If I can, dear pupil, to give you advice, teach, instead of learning individual words, expressions from this lesson by heart and their meaning, and the combination preposition / case / tense (and meaning of the verb ) you will become familiar and you use it without thinking in the conversation.
dominique
